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閱讀理解丟分原因
①單詞量不夠,無法理解文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容。
②答題無章法、無技巧,造成前面耗時(shí)過多,后面為了追速度,草草閱讀,出錯(cuò)率高。
閱讀理解答題技巧
主旨大意題
這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到 title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。
1.歸納標(biāo)題
特點(diǎn):短小精悍,一般多為一個(gè)短語;涵蓋性強(qiáng),一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強(qiáng),表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng),不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有:
1.What’s the best title for the text?
2.The best title for this passage is ___.
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2.概括大意題
包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常見命題形式有:
1.What is the general/main idea of the passage?
2.Which of the following expresses the main idea?
3.What is the subject discussed in the text?
4.The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.
5.The passage/ text is mainly about_____.
6.What’s the article mainly about ?
3.解題技巧
閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡(jiǎn)潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)。
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。
1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法
分為直接理解題和間接理解題,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問,或判斷正誤;后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換,表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有:
1.What can we learn from the passage?
2.All the following are mentioned except?
3.Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
4.Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2.排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件,用排除法縮小范圍)
常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中,一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有:
1.Which of the following is the correct order of…?
2.Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索
設(shè)題形式:給出圖表,根據(jù)圖表提問問題。
4. 數(shù)字計(jì)算題→(方法:審題→帶著問題找細(xì)節(jié)→對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算)
可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié),但需經(jīng)過計(jì)算方可找到答案。
推理判斷題
主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)的理解,態(tài)度的判斷,對(duì)修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。
題干關(guān)鍵詞:infer(推斷),indicate(象征,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結(jié)論), assume(假定,設(shè)想)。
1.細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題
一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷,常見命題形式有:
1.It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
2.The author implies/ suggests that_____.
3.We may infer that _________.
4.Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.預(yù)測(cè)推理判斷題
根據(jù)語篇對(duì)文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測(cè),常見命題形式有:
1.What do you think will happen if/when…?
2.At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推測(cè)文章來源或讀者對(duì)象
常見命題形式有:
1.The passage is probably take out of_____
2.The passage would most likely be found in_____
3.Where does this text probably come from?
4.寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題
詢問寫作目的的題,選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是:explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評(píng)論), praise(贊揚(yáng)), criticize(批評(píng)), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。
詢問語氣態(tài)度的題,選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是:
neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評(píng)的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對(duì)的),indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常見命題形式有:
1.The purpose of the text is_____
2.What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____
3.What is the author’s attitude towards…?
4.What is the author’s opinion on…?
5.The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
5.解答技巧
推斷題是考查學(xué)生透過文章表面的文字信息進(jìn)行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù),切莫主觀臆斷。
①那些文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選,要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項(xiàng)。
②推理不是憑空猜測(cè),而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時(shí)一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。
③要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。
詞義猜測(cè)題
考點(diǎn):
①猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞、詞組、句子的意義
②對(duì)文中的多義詞或詞組進(jìn)行定義
③判斷某個(gè)代詞的指代的對(duì)象。常見命題形式有:
1.The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
2.The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
3.The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.
4.The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?
5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…”?
解答技巧:
1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞
首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course等等)表示前因后果。
例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò)),可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;
二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。
通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;
二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all...handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞
根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意義,故為“不太可能”之意。)
4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。
這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號(hào)等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測(cè)詞義
例如:
Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。
從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。
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